Intervertebral implant with toothed faces

ABSTRACT

The intervertebral implant has two mutually opposite main faces ( 8, 10 ), at least one of which faces ( 8 ) has mutually parallel shaped teeth ( 12 ). The general shape of the profile of said toothed face ( 8 ) in at least one plane extending transversely to said face, is not rectilinear.

[0001] The invention relates to intervertebral implant.

[0002] Intervertebral implant are known that have mutually parallel elongate teeth on both main faces. Such teeth serve to anchor the prosthesis between the vertebrae adjacent to the disk space occupied by the implant.

[0003] An object of the invention is to provide an implant that ensures even better anchoring.

[0004] In order to achieve this object, the invention provides an intervertebral implant having two mutually opposite main faces, at least one of these faces having mutually parallel shaped teeth, in which the general shape of the profile of the toothed face in at least one plane extending transversely to said face is not rectilinear.

[0005] Thus, the profile of the toothed face can be selected so as to be as complementary as possible to that of the vertebral plate with which said face is to come into contact. Whereas the prior art implants could require the face of the vertebral plate to be prepared by modifying its shape in order to improve contact with the implant, such preparation is usually pointless with the toothed face of the implant of the invention. This reduces the duration of the surgical operation required for installing the implant. The toothed and plate-shaped face makes it possible to achieve very high quality anchoring against the vertebral plate.

[0006] Advantageously, the profile of the toothed face presents two segments of generally rectilinear shape that are inclined relative to each other.

[0007] Such a face is particularly adapted to the shapes of the plates of certain vertebrae.

[0008] Advantageously, one of the two segments is at least twice as long as the other segment.

[0009] The face thus has an airplane-wing profile corresponding very closely to the shape of certain vertebral plates.

[0010] Advantageously, the toothed face has a zone that forms one of the segments, and that has no teeth.

[0011] Advantageously, the toothed face has a zone that is without teeth and that is contiguous with an edge of the face.

[0012] Advantageously, the implant has a central hole extending from one of the main faces to the other.

[0013] Such a hole can, for example, receive the graft that facilitates vertebral bone integration.

[0014] Advantageously, the implant has a side wall presenting at least one orifice extending from an outer face of the wall to the central hole.

[0015] Thus, this orifice increases the vascularization of the graft housed in the hole.

[0016] Advantageously, the implant has a side face constituted by a first cylindrical portion extending over more than 180° about a cylinder axis, and a second cylindrical portion of greater radius than the first portion.

[0017] Such a shape enables the implant to occupy the major portion of the area of the vertebral plates.

[0018] Advantageously, the teeth have a profile that slopes towards the same side of the implant.

[0019] This shape facilitates insertion of the implant between the plates, but it constitutes a brake on withdrawing it.

[0020] Advantageously, the implant has at least one spike projecting from one of its main faces, in particular from its toothed face.

[0021] Thus, the spike digs into the vertebral plate and further increases the quality of the anchoring.

[0022] Advantageously, the implant has a tapped orifice.

[0023] This orifice can co-operate with a tool for positioning the implant, by enabling the tool to be fixed to the implant. It can also be used to connect the implant to a prosthetic plate fixed laterally on the vertebral bodies.

[0024] Advantageously, the implant is a cervical implant.

[0025] Advantageously, the implant is made of bioresorbable material.

[0026] The invention also provides a kit comprising an implant of the invention and a tool for positioning it.

[0027] Advantageously, the implant and the tool have fixing means for fixing the implant to the tool in a predetermined relative position, and keying means organized to ensure that there is only one such position.

[0028] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention appear further from the following description of a preferred embodiment and of a variant given as non-limiting examples. In the accompanying drawings:

[0029] FIGS. 1 to 5 are respectively a perspective view, a plan view, a face view, a rear view, and a right-hand view of an implant constituting a preferred embodiment of the invention;

[0030]FIGS. 6 and 7 are section views of a cervical vertebra respectively in the sagittal and the frontal midplanes;

[0031]FIGS. 8 and 9 are perspective views of the FIG. 1 implant together with its fitting tool; and

[0032]FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view analogous to FIG. 4 showing a variant embodiment.

[0033] With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, the implant 2 is constituted by a cage having a wall 4 that is generally annular about an axis 6.

[0034] In plan view, the wall has a first portion 4 a that is horseshoe shaped. The portion 4 a is cylindrical about the axis 6. It extends over about 250° around the axis 6. The wall has a second portion 4 b that is also cylindrical in shape, extending over about 20° about its own axis, which is not the axis 6 but is an axis parallel thereto. The radius of the second portion 4 b is much greater than that of the first portion 4 a. The ends of the first portion are joined to the ends of the second portion. In plan view, the cage is thus in the form of a ring that is somewhat flattened on a side 4 b which in this case is the anterior or front side of the cage. This wall 4 defines a hole 7 in the center of the cage.

[0035] The cage has two main faces, a superior main face 8 and an inferior main face 10 that are opposite to each other and that extend generally in planes that are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the axis 6. The hole 7 extends between both faces 8 and 10.

[0036] The inferior face 10 in this case is precisely perpendicular to the axis 6. In a sagittal plane, i.e. parallel to the axis 6 and perpendicular to the front wall 4 b, it presents a toothed profile forming mutually parallel elongate teeth 12 parallel to the front wall 4 b. All of the teeth 12 are identical to one another and in particular they are all of the same height. All of the teeth slope forwards. Each of them has a front flank parallel to the axis 6 and a rear flank that slopes.

[0037] In the above-specified sagittal plane, the superior face 8 has a profile that is made up of two segments 14 and 16 of generally rectilinear shape that are inclined relative to each other so as to give the profile a shape that is convex. The rear segment 16 is the longer of the two segments. In this plane, it extends over about 80% of the length of the cage. The segment has a profile that is toothed. All of the teeth 12 are identical to one another, and in particular they all have the same height. They slope forwards like the teeth of the inferior face 10. The segment 16 slopes slightly towards the rear of the cage. It is therefore slightly inclined relative to the inferior face 10.

[0038] The front segment 14 is inclined towards the front of the cage more steeply than the rear segment is inclined towards the rear. Its length is equal to about one-fourth the length of the rear segment 16. The front segment 14 is smooth. It corresponds to the portion of the superior face that extends over the front wall 4 b. The two segments 14 and 16 give the top face 8 a profile that is similar to that of an airplane wing.

[0039] The cage has a threaded assembly and fixing orifice 18 extending in the sagittal midplane of the implant, in the front wall 4 b, and putting the outside face thereof into communication with the central hole 7. On one side of this orifice 18, e.g. on the right side thereof, the outer face of the front wall has a hemispherical cavity 20 which is used for keying purposes, as described below.

[0040] On the rearmost portion of the wall, the cage has two orifices 22 also putting the outer face into communication with the central hole 7. The two orifices 22 are disposed symmetrically about the sagittal midplane of the cage.

[0041] The cage has spikes 24, in this case four such spikes, i.e. two associated with each of the main faces 8 and 10. Each spike has a pointed end and it projects from the associated main face. The two spikes on each face are disposed symmetrically to each other about the sagittal midplane. In addition, they extend in the frontal midplane containing the axis 6. Each spike on one face extends in register with a spike on the other face.

[0042] The cage as described above is particularly adapted to occupying a cervical intervertebral space. FIGS. 6 and 7 show a vertebral body 31 of a cervical vertebra 30. In section on the sagittal midplane of FIG. 6, the superior plate 32 of the vertebra has a profile that is substantially horizontal and rectilinear while the inferior plate 34 has a profile that is concave, matching the profile of an airplane wing, and complementary to the convex profile of the superior face 8 of the cage. In section on a front midplane, as shown in FIG. 7, the inferior plate 34 has a profile that is substantially horizontal and rectilinear, while the superior plate 32 has a concave curved profile whose high points are the incus 36.

[0043] When the cage is inserted between two cervical vertebrae 31, the main faces 8 and 9 of the cage thus fit very closely to the shape of the plates 32 and 34 with which they come into contact.

[0044] To put the cage into place, it is advantageous to use a fitting tool 40 such as the tool shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. This tool comprises a body 42 having a head 44 with a front face 46 of rectangular shape, whose shape and height are close to those of the front face of the cage 2. The tool has a threaded endpiece 48 emerging from the center of the face 46 of the head and movable relative thereto, being drivable from the other end of the tool. This endpiece is suitable for threaded engagement with the mounting orifice 18 of the cage. The front face 46 of the head has a spherical projection 47 suitable for penetrating in the front spherical cavity 20 of the cage when the endpiece 48 is connected to the orifice 18. The projection 47 and the cavity 20 together constitute keying means. Because of them, there is only one position in which the tool 40 can be fixed to the cage 2 with the outlines of the front face of the cage coinciding with those of the head 44 of the tool.

[0045] To put the cage into position between the vertebrae, the vertebrae are moved apart by appropriate means so as to increase the height of the disk gap between the vertebrae. The superior plate 32 of the inferior vertebra 10 is prepared so as to come close to the shape of the inferior face 10 of the cage. Prior to mounting, the hole 7 receives a bone graft or any other substance for enabling bone growth. With the cage mounted on the tool, the cage is put into place between the vertebrae from behind. The vertebrae are then allowed to move back towards each other. The vertebral plates 32 and 34 thus bear against the main faces 8 and 9 of the cage. The spikes 24 anchor themselves in the plates. After facilitating insertion of the cage, the orientation of the teeth 12 limits the ability of the cage to move forwards from its position. The cage does not require the inferior plate 34 of the superior vertebra to be prepared.

[0046] In a variant embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the inferior face of the cage, is still toothed (although that is not shown) and its shape in section parallel to the frontal plane is a convex circularly arcuate curve. Such a cage does not require the superior plate 32 of the inferior vertebra to be prepared and as a result there is no need to prepare any vertebral plate. Such a cage is therefore well adapted to the anatomy of the intervertebral space.

[0047] The mounting orifice 18 can be used to fix the cage to an anchor system, e.g. an anterior prosthetic plate anchored elsewhere in the lateral faces of the vertebral bodies 31.

[0048] The three orifices 18 and 22 facilitate vascularization of the graft received in the hole 7.

[0049] To further improve the keying, the head 44 of the tool can carry a mark 45 indicating the superior face 8 of the cage when the cage is properly fixed to the tool.

[0050] The cage can be made of a material that is transparent to X-rays, e.g. out of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). In which case, the cage can have one or more markers 47 included therein and serving, because they are opaque to X-rays, to identify the position and/or the presence of the implant when X-rays are taken during or after the operation. They could be made of titanium or of titanium alloy. In this case, there are two markers 47 and they are constituted by wires inserted in rectilinear ducts parallel to the axis 6 and formed in the wall of the cage. One of the ducts extends at the rear in the sagittal midplane, while the other extends at the left end of the front wall.

[0051] The spikes 24 can be inserted and fixed rigidly in the ducts formed in the cage. They too can be made of a material that is opaque to X-rays.

[0052] In another embodiment, the cage can be made of a material that is bioresorbable. 

1/ An intervertebral implant (2) having two mutually opposite superior (8) and inferior (10) main faces, at least the superior face (8) having mutually parallel shaped teeth (12), the implant being characterized in that the general shape of the profile of the superior toothed face (8) in at least one plane extending transversely to said face is not rectilinear. 2/ An implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the toothed face (8) presents two segments (14, 16) of generally rectilinear shape that are inclined relative to each other. 3/ An implant according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the two segments (16) is at least twice as long as the other segment (14). 4/ An implant according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the toothed face has a zone (14) that forms one of the segments, and that has no teeth. 5/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the toothed face (8) has a zone (14) that is without teeth and that is contiguous with an edge of the face. 6/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a central hole (7) extending from one of the main faces (8, 10) to the other. 7/ An implant according to claim 6, characterized in that it has a side wall presenting at least one orifice (18, 22) extending from an outer face of the wall to the central hole (7). 8/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a side face (4) constituted by a first cylindrical portion (4 a) extending over more than 180° about a cylinder axis (6), and a second cylindrical portion (4 b) of greater radius than the first portion (4 a). 9/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the teeth (12) have a profile that slopes towards the same side of the implant. 10/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has at least one spike (24) projecting from one of its main faces (8, 10), in particular from its toothed face. 11/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has a tapped orifice (18). 12/ An implant according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is a cervical implant. 13/ An implant according to anyone of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is made of bioresorbable material. 14/ A kit, characterized in that it comprises an implant (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and a tool (40) for fitting said implant. 15/ A kit according to claim 14, characterized in that the implant (2) and the tool (40) have fixing means (18, 48) for fixing the implant to the tool in a predetermined relative position, and keying means (20, 47) organized to ensure that there is only one such position. 